Implicit essential boundaries in the Material Point Method
Cortis Michael  1, *@  , Charles Augarde  1, *@  , William Coombs  1, *@  
1 : School of Engineering and Computing Sciences  -  Website
Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE -  United Kingdom
* : Corresponding author

The Material Point Method (MPM) is a numerical boundary value problem (BVP) solver developed from particle- in-cell (PIC) methods that discretises the continuum into a set of material points. Information at these material points is mapped to a background Eulerian grid which is used to solve the governing equations. Once solved information is updated at the material points and these points are convected through the grid. The background grid is then reset, allowing the method to easily handle problems involving large deformations without mesh distortion. However, imposition of essential boundary conditions in the (MPM) is challenging when the physical domain does not conform to the background grid. In this research, an implicit boundary method (IBM), based on the work of Kumar et al. [1], is proposed to ensure that essential boundary conditions are satisfied in elastostatic MPM problems. 

[1] Kumar, A. V., Padmanabhan, S. and Burla, R. (2008), Implicit boundary method for finite element analysis using non-conforming mesh or grid. Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng., 74: 1421–1447. 


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